Overview and Approach to Breast Pathology

Breast Anatomy and Physiology

The breast is an organ whose structure reflects its unique function: lactation milk production (breastfeeding). The epithelial component of the tissue consists of milk-producing lobules that connect to ducts that lead to the nipple. The majority of breast cancers arise from the cells that form the lobules and terminal ducts. These lobules and ducts are distributed throughout the breast's background fibrous tissue and adipose tissue (fat). The male breast structure is nearly identical to that of the female breast, with the exception that male breast tissue lacks the specialized lobules because males have no physiological need for milk production.


Breast cancer is the most common non-skin cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer death. Despite an increase in breast cancer incidence, advances in diagnosis and treatment have resulted in a decrease in mortality. A growing range of local and systemic therapy options has resulted in more individualized care. Imaging is crucial in detecting breast cancer and directing treatment. Part 1 of a 2-part series, this continuing education article provides a comprehensive review of current and future radiotracer imaging methods applied to breast cancer, in the context of breast cancer management strategies and other nonnuclear imaging methods.

Part 1 of the review covers radionuclide imaging for detection and staging as well as clinical and biologic considerations in breast cancer. Part 2 will discuss radionuclide imaging of breast cancer response to therapy, as well as other clinical indications for radionuclide breast cancer imaging and future directions, such as molecular imaging.

Male breast pathology is as diverse as female breast pathology. Although lobular carcinomas were previously thought to be uncommon in men due to the absence of a terminal lobular unit, several reports have identified both in situ and invasive lobular carcinoma. 16,100,101 Almost every histologic entity described in women has been observed in men. In men with a variety of histologic subtypes, the most common of which is invasive papillary carcinoma, a similar but more pronounced preponderance of ductal pathology is seen.

16 There were different patterns of p21, p53, pRb, Ki-67, and DNA ploidy expression in a comparison of 50 consecutive male and 50 consecutive female breast cancer patients, suggesting different pathways of tumor genesis. 102 The most common sites for metastatic behavior seem to be the lung, adrenal, and bone, and they resemble those of female patients.

15 Even though men are more likely to have chest wall fixation than women, this does not seem to have the same negative effects on the prognosis. 81 The relative frequency of this finding in men is explained by the breast's normal anatomical proximity to the skin and muscle.

Conclusions:
Through realistic and cost-effective practical interventions, the breast cancer issue in LMCs can be improved. Improved breast cancer outcomes are made possible by early detection of the disease and thorough cancer treatment. Within the LMCs' current health care systems, the most fundamental interventions in early detection, diagnosis, surgery, radiation therapy, and drug therapy can be organized and integrated. In order to help nations that are motivated to improve the outcome of breast cancer in their populations, future research will examine what implementation strategies can best direct the reorganization of the healthcare system.

Thank you….

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Previous Blog Post Links:-
https://medium.com/@elizaedwards2021/10th-world-breast-pathology-and-breast-cancer-conference-6db6e4fc81c2
https://sites.google.com/d/1GjMkcTpPR0amj-1dp877__PsqdODuGcv/p/16KaMjrLJn3LkYn4nRYLnRefvkHvCqL0M/edit
https://medium.com/@elizaedwards2021/breast-cancer-hysterectomy-and-removal-of-ovaries-and-tubes-954c834d8b0d
https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/3238443600245550728/6484818089778744696
https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/3238443600245550728/3714620114154946717
https://medium.com/@BreastPathology/importance-of-breast-pathology-33be3b0eed28
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/meaning-definition-oncology-dr-priya-pujhari
https://drandreaross.blogspot.com/2022/10/assessment-of-mitosis-detection-in.html
https://medium.com/@BreastPathology/bone-and-soft-tissue-pathology-c56689328673
https://qr.ae/pvi2Cl
https://kikoxp.com/posts/16181
https://drandreaross.blogspot.com/2022/10/breast-surgery-impacts-on-patient-by-mr.html
https://kikoxp.com/posts/18551

 

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