Dr. Andrea Ross

  Introduction:-   A realistic, evidence-based strategy for avoiding preventable infections from harming patients and healthcare professionals is infection prevention and control (IPC). Effective IPC necessitates ongoing action from decision-makers, facility management, healthcare providers, and patients at all levels of the health system. IPC is exceptional in the area of patient safety and care quality since it applies to every patient and healthcare professional at every point in time. IPC with flaws can be fatal and causes harm. It is impossible to give high-quality healthcare without an effective IPC.   Hand hygiene, surgical site infections, injection safety, antibiotic resistance, and hospital operations both during and outside of emergencies are all impacted by infection prevention and control. In low- and middle-income countries, where secondary infections may have a severe impact on healthcare delivery and medical hygiene standards, IPC support programmers are espec

  Track 20: Occupational and Safety Health :- Introduction:- A multidisciplinary field concerned with the safety, health, and welfare of individuals at work is known as occupational safety and health (OSH), also known as occupational health and safety (OHS), occupational health, or occupational safety (i.e. in an occupation). These terms initially served as an acronym for occupational safety and health program/department/etc. since they also allude to the field's objectives. Fostering a safe and healthy work environment is the aim of an occupational safety and health programme. All members of the general public who might be impacted by the workplace environment are likewise protected by OSH. An accident or illness related to the workplace claims the lives of more than 2.78 million people worldwide each year, or one every fifteen seconds. Every year, there are an extra 374 million nonfatal workplace accidents. According to estimates, the annual economic cost of occupationa

  Pathology in Surgery:- Before preparing and beginning treatment , good medical practise calls for a tissue diagnosis. In the study of surgical pathology, tissues taken from living patients during surgery or other invasive operations are examined in order to: Assist in the creation of a treatment plan by identifying a disease Describe the prognosis and include details like: ·          Surgical margin condition (complete or incomplete removal of disease). ·          Size and severity of the condition, including tumour spread into nearby structures. ·          Tumour stage (well, moderately, or poorly differentiated). ·          Regional lymph nodes or distant organs have been affected by metastasis. Exempt from submission are tissues: The following surgical specimens should not be routinely or compulsorily sent to the Department of Pathology, per the recommendation of the Invasive Procedures Review Committee, which was approved by the Governing Body and Medical Sta

  Cancer of the breast histopathology:-   According to histology, ductal carcinoma is the most frequent form of breast cancer in women in Africa and Europe, with a frequency that is comparable [5, 17]. Mucinous and medullary carcinomas, however, are more prevalent in Africa than in Europe. Additionally, there are more grade 3 tumours in women in Africa than in Europe. For instance, Tanzania has 56.4% of tumours with a histological grade 3 [5], while Nigeria has 45.1% of grade 3 tumours. On the other hand, just 15.8% of Finnish women had a grade 3 tumour. Most women in Europe present with a grade 1 or 2 tumour [17]. In addition, African-American women are significantly more likely than white women to have high grade nuclear atypical, grade 3 tumours , a higher number of positive nodes, and greater necrosis [19–21]. Presentation Stage:- Compared to white British women, black British women have greater rates of grade 3 tumours and lymph node-positive illness [9]. This could explai